The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is an exceedingly rare marine mammal, with a total population of less than 1.000 individuals globally. This species faces significant threats, including displacement, habitat loss, deliberate killing by humans, and entanglement in fisheries bycatch. As a result, it has been officially classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN.

Enduring millennia of exploitation, persecution, and harassment, the Mediterranean species now exists in only a few widely separated, fragmented populations that collectively occupy a small portion of its original range. More than 30 individuals are known to inhabit the waters of the central Ionian Sea. This thriving and reproductive population is crucial for the conservation and recovery of the species in the entire Adriatic/Ionian Basin.

We are therefore excited to announce that the IEF, together with the Blue Marine Foundation, will continue to support research and conservation efforts by the Archipelagos NGO – environment and development, to help the Mediterranean monk seal in the Ionian region. Following on from the success of our previous monk seal project during which the first footage of a monk seal using the caves around the north of Corfu was captured, Archipelagos will concentrate their efforts on caves on the north coastline of Corfu while maintaining activities in NW Corfu as well.

Project Outline

During the spring of 2021, Archipelagos – Environment & Development NGO, with support from the IEF, initiated monk seal projects in Corfu, focusing on the systematic survey and identification of caves suitable for the resting and pupping of the Mediterranean monk seal. The team pinpointed potential caves on the north and northwest coast of Corfu that were suitable for the monk seals to use. Furthermore, multiple sightings in the area of Kassiopi and Ag. Stefanos (NE Corfu) as also in NW Corfu increased the likelihood of the identified locations fostering resting seals. Using IR cameras Archipelagos succeeded in capturing the first footage of seals using caves to rest in Corfu, indicating the importance of this area for this majestic marine mammal.

In light of this, the present joint project (IEF, BMF and Archipelagos) aims to monitor the presence of monk seals in caves in the north and northwest of Corfu using IR cameras over the course of one year. In support of these efforts, a local network will be established to systematically record on-the-spot sightings.

Project Outcomes

IEF continued its support for Archipelagos NGO – Environment and Development in 2024, in their mission to protect the endangered Mediterranean monk seal in Northern Corfu. Here are some key highlights of this initiative.

Five monk seal sightings have been confirmed at Diakopo Cave, reinforcing its role as a crucial refuge for these elusive and endangered creatures. Meanwhile, two confirmed sightings at Cape Erimitis, including observed feeding behavior, highlight its importance as a critical marine habitat, despite ongoing environmental challenges.

With the expansion of the seal catalog, the Archipelagos team has deepened its understanding of monk seal movement patterns and habitat preferences, paving the way for more effective conservation strategies. Beyond research, public engagement has played a vital role in fostering local support. Social media campaigns and educational field trips have increased awareness, while stakeholder meetings in Kassiopi have strengthened partnerships, ensuring long-term commitment to monk seal protection.

The findings from this initiative provide strong scientific evidence advocating for enhanced protections under Natura 2000 regulations. The identification of Diakopo and Northern Corfu’s waters as vital feeding grounds further highlights the urgent need for stricter conservation measures to secure a future for this endangered species.

Through collaboration, research, and community-driven conservation, we can ensure these incredible animals thrive for generations to come!

Share your sightings at simon@ionianenvironment.org